Yaseen

// May 1st: Yaseen - I know this work is challenging for you but I need to see more consistent effort than just what I help you with. l will talk to you about this on Monday May 4th (Oksana) // __Questions Chapters 2 - 3__ Q1)Why was Al's father so interested in excavating around James Bay? A1) Why was the coin Al found so important to his father? Why did the ice floes he saw startle Al? Why do you think the crew turned against Henry Hudson? What mistakes did Al realize he had made? Who were the enemies of the warrior's people? Why was the warrior eager to trade even though he thought he got a bad deal? [| (b.? - d. 1611) English navigator and explorer who set sail on four voyages in h[[image:http://members.shaw.ca/kcic1/explorer/hudson.gif align="left"]is lifetime. He looked for a Northwest Passage, discovered the Hudson Bay and Hudson River. His efforts led to the eventual establishment of New Amsterdam (later called New York). During his last voyage in 1610, rebellious mutineers seized Hudson, his son, and seven others and set them adrift in a small boat without provisions. They were never heard from again.
 * http://members.shaw.ca/kcic1/explorer.html**]]
 * Henry Hudson**

[] on out of house arrest [] Most of the searches for a northeast passage -- one from ??? -- were carried out by Russia, which hoped to increase the profitability of its fur trade by finding a more direct route By the end of the 16th century the Russians had established a commercial route via the Arctic to the fur-trading centre of Mangazeya on the Taz River in western Siberia. Several archaelogical digs in Taymyr in the 1940s provide evidence of an unsuccessful Russian mission to sail the Northeast Passage in or shortly after 1619. By 1645, Russian trading vessels were routinely sailing between the Klyma and Lena along the Arctic coast. In 1648, Semyon Dezhnyov, a Cossack, was the first European to sail what is now called the [|Bering Strait]. He sailed east from the Kolyma toward the Anadyr basin, believed to be rich in furs. Although several of his ships were destroyed, Dezhnyov reached Cape Olyutorsky, from which he traveled overland to the north to the Anadyr. The discovery of a passage to the Pacific led to the greatest operation in the history of polar exploration, the Great Northern Expedition, which began in [|1733] and continued through [|1743]. Vitus Bering led the expeditions, carried out by nearly a thousand men, many of whom died from cold, scurvy, or other accidents. Such setbacks caused the Russian government to withdraw its support, but the mission was successful in producing sixty-two maps of the Arctic coast from [|Archangelsk] to Cape Bolshoy Baranov. The only other Russian expedition in the next few decades was carried out by Nikita Shalaurov, a trader without government support, whose party was killed by the cold in [|1764]. After [|Captain James Cook] sailed from the Pacific north through the Bering Strait as far as Cape North (now Cape Shmidt), [|Catherine the Great] renewed Russian interest in polar expeditions. Catherine hired Joseph Billings, a member of Cook's crew, to travel overland from St. Lawrence Bay to Nizhnekolymsk in the search for a gap between Chaun Bay and the Bering Strait. The gap was not discovered, however, until [|1823], when Lieutenant Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel successfully navigated and surveyed Kolyuchin Bay.
 * Despite his recent arrest** for sailing under another nation's flag, Henry Hudson managed to get support from English backers for another voyage, this time in search of a [|Northwest Passage], one he had wanted to pursue almost since the start of his voyages. The main sponsor this time was Sir Thomas Smythe - governor and treasurer of the Virginia Company, and also of the English East India Company. Smythe desperately needed to recoup his losses after a disaster that saw his last fleet to Virginia scattered, with hundreds of men lost. He may not have paid Hudson for his services - rather, it may have been Hudson's payment for Smythe getting Huds

Northwest Passage
Only five years after Columbus discovered the Americas, England's Henry VII sent John Cabot in search of a northwest route from Europe to the Orient. Jacques Cartier and Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real similarly explored Canada in hopes of discovering such a passage. Navigators began searching in earnest for a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific in the sixteenth century with [|Sir Martin Frobisher] (1535-1594); subsequent explorers included [|John Davis], [|Henry Hudson] (who in 1609 explored the New York river and Canadian bay that now bear his name), and [|William Baffin]. In [|1768], [|Samuel Hearne] set out on a two-year walking expedition, which took him as far as the shore of the Arctic Ocean, but he found no passage. The passage eluded explorers through Mary Shelley's lifetime; as late as [|1845], [|Sir John Franklin] set out on an expedition that ended in the loss of the entire expedition of 129 men. The passage was discovered only in the 1850s by [|Sir Robert McClure], who led one of the forty search parties that sought information on Franklin's expedition. McClure's expedition was icebound for nearly two years, and was rescued by [|Captain Henry Kellett]; Kellett's ship was in turn icebound for another year. The Passage itself runs through the Arctic Islands of Canada some 500 miles north of the Arctic Circle, only 1,200 miles from the North Pole. The 900-mile east-west passage runs from Baffin Island to the [|Beaufort Sea] through a field of thousands of icebergs, and thence into the Pacific through the [|Bering Strait], which separates [|Siberia] from [|Alaska]. Even after the Passage was discovered, it took another half century for a single ship to sail through it: the Norwegian explorer [|Roald Amundsen] made the passage between 1903 and 1906. Although the centuries-long search for the passage was inspired by the desire for a more efficient trading route, the first successful commercial navigation came only in 1969, after the discovery of oil in Alaska. ??? MAPS!!!

April 15th, 2009 Canada, and explain the reasons for their journeys (e.g., the early-fifteenth-century blockade of overland trade routes and the resulting search for new routes to the Far East; the fishing industry; the fur trade; the search for gold; population growth in Europe leading to the search for new areas for settlement);**
 * – identify the Viking, French, and English explorers who first came to and explored

